Apparently the world is about to change, with China's plans and many other countries, as well as a deluge of robotic missions to the moon, the United States plans to return people to the moon by 2025 and establish a permanent base there

In the midst of the difficulties surrounding the launch of NASA's new "giant" rocket to the Moon, many questions have arisen about the reasons for interest in that return after years of absence, while observers see us entering a new era of lunar exploration.

The unmanned mission hopes to test the new SLS rocket as well as the unmanned Orion capsule on its head, in preparation for future manned flights to the Moon

This journey to the Moon is the first of its kind in more than 50 years since the "Apollo" voyage and is part of the beginning of the return of the United States to the Moon, which may later allow humanity to reach Mars.

Artemis Chief of Mission Mike Saravin explains that these test flights will demonstrate the capabilities we need to land the first woman and second man on the Moon by 2024 and enable sustainable missions for decades to come.

In addition to the mission function as the basis for testing technologies for a much longer journey to Mars, NASA also hopes to launch companies looking to establish a fixed base of transporting scientific equipment and other payloads to the Moon, and to inspire students to enter science and engineering fields.

"We're exploring because this is part of our nature," NASA Administrator says.

NASA is no longer the only one wanting to climb to the Moon these days. In recent years, China has successfully landed 3 robotic missions on the Moon's surface, and India and a non-profit organization sent landers in 2019.

The political conflict between China and the United States has moved from Earth to space, with the NASA Administrator believing that the expansion of China's space ambitions, which includes a lunar base, has also provided an incentive for the current programme "Artemis", adding: "We must be concerned that they will say: this is our own region."

David Kring, of the Lunar and Planetary Institute, says that "as scientists, we understand that the moon is somewhat a rational stone, as it is the best place in the solar system to study the origin and evolution of planets in the solar system", and with attempts scientists have discovered that the moon is not as dry as they thought

However, the Director of Human and Robotic Explorations of the European Space Agency, David Parker, believes that one reason for this shift is that the exploitation of the Moon has simply reached a stage that reflects previous explorations on Earth.

Parker explained to the British Guardian that the schedule for Antarctica's exploration reflects the timeline for exploring the Moon in a very close way, adding: "At the beginning of the century, there was a race to reach the Antarctic and then no one went back 50 years, just like the Moon in the 1960s. Then we started building bases in Antarctica. We are now approaching that stage with our exploitation of the Moon ".