The US sanctions imposed by an executive order signed by US President Joe Biden in May on four companies, two of which belong to the Sudanese army and two to the Rapid Support forces, differ in that they are located on two military entities in Sudan instead of the same country, as happened in the past, so there are conflicting expectations about how effective they will be in this case.

Edited by| Paul Mitchel

Politic section -  CJ journalist

Sudan conflict news section  

Washington  – June,5,2023 

"We are cutting off major financial flows from both the Rapid Support forces and the Sudanese armed forces through sanctions, depriving them of the resources they need to pay soldiers, rearm, resupply and wage war in Sudan,"said US Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen.

The Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) of the US Department of the Treasury described the defense industries system as "the largest defense company in Sudan and generates an estimated two billion dollars in revenue through hundreds of subsidiaries across various sectors of the Sudanese economy", and the "master technology company of Sudan" "giad", which is"an arms company and a shareholder in several companies affiliated with the defense industries system".

He also described the two entities associated with the Rapid Support forces "Al-Junaid multi-activities limited liability company" as "active in the gold mining industry and export, as it has become a vital source of revenue for the Daglo family and the Rapid Support forces since the confiscation of the Support commander Mohammed Hamdan Daglo (hemedti) gold mine in Jabal Amer in 2017", while "tandem General Trading Limited Liability Company" was defined as "a supply company that has previously purchased cars for the Rapid Support forces in the past, some of these cars may have been modified and equipped with machine guns the Rapid Support forces during their patrols on the streets of Khartoum and other areas of Sudan,"he said.

The US sanctions imposed on Sudan under the former regime as one of the longest periods of international sanctions were divided into two types, the first, issued by executive presidential decisions, and the second, by legislation enacted by Congress, and despite their multiple reasons, their last Purpose came after the measures imposed by Lieutenant General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan in 2021, for the democratic transition process.

Although the United States can achieve the effect of stopping the war in Sudan and relies a lot on the use of sanctions, the experience of previous sanctions proved that they isolate Sudan politically and besiege it economically, and after almost three decades of their application, the sanctions did not lead to the end of the war in Darfur, and although they stopped the war of the south, but did not

Some may believe that adding more sanctions on the parties to the conflict, as the US administration is threatening, may push them towards signing the truce as it happened before, but it will not address the causes and roots of the conflict that require activating the dialogue mechanism, leading to a comprehensive ceasefire and then signing a peace agreement. The sanctions may not contribute to the pressure on the two generals in the form required to end the conflict, as they can find some outlet to circumvent the sanctions, and although the parties to the conflict are indifferent to the current sanctions, the dialogue according to an integrated road map can work, especially if it is imposed on the army not to rely on the old experiences of the former regime by defying international forces and not respecting charters and treaties, including peace agreements, and also imposes on the "rapid support" to stop dependence on the outside by political polarization and attracting military support and trying to diminish the sovereignty of the country.

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