Information and everything your need to know about Egypt
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Egypt- مصر
Official Name: The Republic of Egypt
Capital: Cairo
Location: Northeastern Africa, bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Red Sea to the east, Libya to the west, and Sudan to the south. The Sinai Peninsula connects Africa and Asia, making Egypt a transcontinental country.
Area: Approximately 1,010,000 square kilometers
Population: Over 110 million (as of 2025 estimates)
Official Language: Arabic
Currency: Egyptian Pound (EGP)
Government Type: Unitary semi-presidential republic
Overview
Egypt is one of the world’s oldest civilizations, with a recorded history dating back more than 5,000 years. Known as the “Land of the Pharaohs,” it gave rise to one of humanity’s most remarkable ancient cultures, symbolized by the pyramids of Giza, the Great Sphinx, and the temples of Luxor and Karnak.
Strategically positioned along the Nile River, Egypt’s fertile valley has long been the heart of its civilization. The country has played a central role in African, Mediterranean, and Middle Eastern history, serving as a crossroads of trade, culture, and political influence.
Modern Egypt
Modern Egypt emerged as a republic in 1952 following the revolution that ended the monarchy. Over the decades, Egypt has remained a key player in Arab and African politics, known for its leadership in peace negotiations and its commitment to regional stability.
Under the leadership of President Abdel Fattah El-Sisi, Egypt has pursued major infrastructure projects, including the New Administrative Capital, expansion of the Suez Canal, and national initiatives for renewable energy, agriculture modernization, and digital transformation. Cairo continues to serve as a cultural, political, and media hub for the Arab world.
Economy
Egypt’s economy is diverse, with major sectors including tourism, agriculture, industry, energy, and maritime trade. The Suez Canal remains one of the world’s most important waterways, linking the Mediterranean and Red Seas and serving as a vital artery for global commerce.
In recent years, economic reforms have aimed to attract foreign investment, enhance energy independence through natural gas projects, and boost industrial zones along the Canal and in Upper Egypt. Despite challenges related to inflation and population growth, Egypt maintains a pivotal role in Africa’s economic landscape.
Culture and Heritage
Egypt’s identity is a blend of Pharaonic, Greco-Roman, Coptic, Islamic, and modern influences. The country’s artistic, literary, and cinematic traditions have shaped Arab culture for decades. Its museums, temples, and historic mosques reflect a legacy of faith, creativity, and endurance. Cairo’s historic quarters, Alexandria’s cosmopolitan heritage, and Upper Egypt’s monuments attract millions of visitors annually.
Politics and Foreign Relations
Egypt holds a leading position in regional and international diplomacy. It is a founding member of the United Nations, the Arab League, and the African Union, and plays a continuous role in promoting dialogue and stability across the Middle East and Africa.
Egypt was the first Arab nation to sign a peace treaty with Israel in 1979, setting a precedent for future peace efforts. Today, it continues to support the Palestinian right to statehood, while advocating for de-escalation and reconstruction efforts in Gaza.
Egypt also acts as a mediator in Arab, African, and international negotiations, maintaining strong relations with both Western powers and emerging economies. It has strengthened partnerships with the Gulf states, the European Union, China, and Russia, while investing in African integration projects, including water security and infrastructure cooperation through the Nile Basin and COMESA frameworks.
On the global stage, Egypt emphasizes non-interference, counterterrorism, sustainable development, and cultural diplomacy — upholding its historic role as a voice of moderation and peace in a changing world.
